I. See Map Page for Map identification -- General List + List for the Final 

II. Matching -- Images on Canvas

III. Listing & Quotes

Final Quotes List on Canvas

Listing for the Final

IV. Use these Questions to help study for the exam.
Multiple Choice & True/False  will be drawn from the following questions.

General Questions

1. Draw and label the Revolutionary Triangle.
2. Define the terms:  Venality, simony, anathema, transubstantiation, Renaissance man, Balance of Power, revolution, nation-state, stateless nations, total war, and limited war.
3. What two countries did not exist in Europe in 1350 that are critical in Europe now? 
4. What country had such a weak government that it was eaten by its neighbors in the late 18th century?
5. Who began the Protestant Reformation and where was he?
6. What city was the center of the Renaissance?  What family was closely associated with it?

Chpt. 15-16: The Fall of Napoleon & Congress of Vienna

1. What was Napoleon's great Mistake?  Who was his great foe?  What battle was involved?
2. Why did the Continental System fail?
3. What mistake did Napoleon make in 1812?  Why was it such a disaster?
4. Who was Arthur Wellesley?  What was his other name?  What type of military leader was he?
5. Who was the ultimate political survivor in France?  Why?
6. What were the Hundred Days?
7. What happened at Waterloo?    What were the results?  Who were the generals involved?
8.  Where was Napoleon exiled to first?            Finally?
9. What caused the War of 1812 between the U.S. & Great Britain?  What was the British perspective on the war?
10. Name the powers at the Congress of Vienna.  
11. Who represented France at the Congress of Vienna?
12. What principles were part of the Congress of Vienna?
13.  What were the results of the Congress of Vienna?

Chpt.  20 The Industrial Revolution -- on-line lecture

1. Why did the industrial revolution begin in Great Britain? 
2. What were the Social Causes of the Industrial Revolution?  (4 things)  What was the common theme of these four causes?
3. What natural resources did Britain have? 
4. What is meant by "absolute private property"?
5. What was the Crystal Palace? What was the Great Exhibition of 1851?
6. What was the main feature of the Exposition Universelle of 1889?  Where was it?
7. What class became dominant because of the Industrial Revolution?
8. Explain where the idea of "the Angel of the House" came from and what it meant for the Victorians.
9. Name seven inventors and their inventions in order from the Industrial Revolution.  -- Handout & Textbook
10. What was the "Rocket"?  Who was George Stephenson?  Who was William Huskinson?
11. What effect did the Industrial Revolution have on People's mind-set?
12. What was the basis of the 1st Industrial Revolution? The 2nd?
13. What was the putting-out system?  How did mechanization occur?
14. What problems did the working class face?  What effect did this have?

Chapters 19, 21-22: 19th Century Politics

1. What did conservatives in the 19th century believe?   What were reactionaries?  Give examples of each group.
2. Which political party passed most of the reform bills in Britain in the 19th Century?
3. Describe the ideology of the Liberalism.  Who were its spokesmen?
4. What did 19th century Liberals believe about government?
5. Describe the ideas of Anarchism.  How many world leaders were assassinated?
6. Were the anarchists successful? Why or Why not?
7. How was "Terror" redefined by groups like the anarchists?
8. Who was Karl Marx? What was his great work? Give the basics of Marx’s theory.
9. What was the most important aspect of history for Marx?
10. Who were the two categories of classes in Marx's theory?
11. What was the last set of classes?  What stages followed their conflict?
12. What stage did societies that tried Marxism they get stuck in?
13. Name three countries that attempted to implement Marx's theory. 
14. How did V.I. Lenin alter Marx's theory?
15. How did Mao Zedong alter Marx's theory?
16. What were the main tenets of Socialism?  
17. What were the two main difference in the different groups of Socialists?
18. Who were the Fabian Society and what did they believe?
19. What was the primary idea of Positivism or Progressivism? 
20. When did the term "feminism" originate?  What were the inital ideas of feminism?
21. What factors did many think would keep Europe out of another war?
22. What are the origins of nationalism?
23. What did Johann von Herder's argue about nationalism? Define volksgeist.
24. Explain four manifestations of nationalism.
25. What areas thought nationalism was most dangerous? Where was nationalism most attractive?

Chpt. 17: Romanticism- lecture on-line

1. Name three composers of the Romantic era. 
2. Define Romanticism
3. Name three Romantic poets and their work.
4. What two main ideas/ events were the Romantics rebelling against?
5. Explain the main characteristics of each of period of music and name two composers for each:
   1. Baroque
   2. Classical
   3. Romantic

Chapter 23-27

1. Define Realpolitik.  Why was it necessary for unification movements?
2. Who were the three fathers of Italian unity?  What did each contribute?
3. What kingdom dominated the unification of Italy?
4. Who was the first king of an united Italy?  What house/ family was he part of?
5. Who opposed the unification of Italy?  What did this result in (state)?
6. Who was Camillo Cavour?
7. What was Giuseppe Garibaldi's role in Italy's unification?
8. What were the results of a unified Italy?
9. What was the Roman Question? 
10. What did the Lateran Pacts do?
11. Who was the architect of a unified Germany? What was his plan?
12. What did Bismark say was required to create a unified Germany?
13. Who were the Junkers? (textbook)
14. Who fought in the Seven Weeks War? Who won? 
15. What was the purpose of the North German Confederation? When & how did it come about?
16. Explain the incident over the Ems Dispatch.  What did this lead to?
17. What happened as a result of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71? (Give at least 3 things.)
18. Which territory did Germany annex from France?
19. What was the Dreyfus Affair over?  Describe how it initially ended?  When was Dreyfus finally released?  Textbook
20. What was the German legislature called?
21. Who were the proponents of Social Darwinism?  What were their works and ideas?
22. What was the general attitude toward war before 1914?
23. What was Norman Angell's work?  What did it argue?

Chapter 28

1. What was Bismark’s Nightmare? Describe the steps he took to prevent it.
2. What were Bismark's three principles of foreign policy that he used to build the House of Cards?
3. Describe the Alliance system created by Bismark.
4. What mistake did Wilhelm II make early on?   Which Hebrew monarch did this resemble?  Why?
5. How did Germany begin to knock down Bismark’s House of Cards?  Who was responsible?
6. Who was Alfred Thayer Mahan? What was his book and why was it important?
7. Give the alliances in Europe by 1907.
8.  Where was the "Powder Keg of Europe"? Why was it called this?
9. What were the major alliance systems prior to World War I? Which allies were unreliable?
10. What was the problem with Kaiser's diplomacy?
11. Who were the Black Hand?   Who was Gavrillo Princip?
12. What was significant about June 28, 1914? What city was involved?
13. What was the Blank Check?  Describe the problems this caused.
14. Who was Sir Edward Grey? What was his famous comment on the war?
15. What event brought Britain into the war? Why?
16. Name the two sides in World War I -- and which countries were on each.

Chapter 29

1. List three ways the First World War is described or defined.
2. What was the spark that began World War I?  How did this lead to war?
3. Describe the idea of war in 1914. Did people believe war was imminent in summer 1914?
4. What was the Schlieffen Plan? What went wrong with it?
5. Name five new weapons of the First World War.
6. What does total war mean?
7.  Describe trench warfare. How did this result in stalemate?
8. Describe the Battle of the Somme, 1916.
9. What was special about Christmas 1914?
10. Give four ways the Allied Powers attempted to break the stalemate of the Western Front.
11. How was air power used in the First World War?
12. Whose idea was Gallipoli?
13. How did the Russians violate their traditional military plans in World War I?
14. What was the battle plan for the Russians in World War I? Who are the two greatest Russian generals?
15. What was the outcome of all of the naval build-up before the war?
16. What was Unrestricted Submarine Warfare? Why was it important?
17. What three elements brought the U.S. into the War?
18. What was the Zimmerman Note? How did it affect U.S. entry into the War?
19. Who was Blackjack Pershing? What was the nickname of American soldiers in World War I?
20. When did the powers sign an armistice? Who asked for it and why?
21. Name the Big Four and what each wanted at the Paris Peace Conference.
22. What was THE ONE basic problem of the peacemakers in Paris in 1919?
23. Explain the "Stabbed in the Back theory".
24. Define the Fourteen Points. Know Freedom of the Seas, No Secret Treaties, League of Nations.
25. Name the major provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. Which ones really upset the Germans? What were the major problems of the Treaty?
26. What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
27. How did the map of Europe change after the war?  (Name three empires that disappeared.  Name four new countries that appeared.)
28. Define "self-determination". Why is this concept problematic in Eastern & Central Europe?
29. Give the major effects of the Great War on European Society.

Chapter 30  -- Textbook & Online lecture

1. What problems occurred on the Russian front?
2. Who was Gregor Rasputin?  How did he die?
3. Who was the last Tsar of Russia? What problems did his family have?
4. What was the result of the first part of the Russian revolution?
5. What happened to the Romanovs?
6. Why was the First World War the Tsar's undoing?
7. What is a soviet?
8. How did Lenin get back into Russia in 1917?
9. When was the first Communist State proclaimed? What were its problems?
10. Who was Lenin's successor?  Who was "supposed" to be Lenin's successor?
11. What were the Purges in the USSR? What were the Five Year Plans?

The Interwar Era: Chapters 31-33

1. Name two evidences of the growth of mass popular culture.
2. Who led the first Labour government in Britain?
3. What was the Great Depression called in Britain?
4. What new trends developed in Interwar politics?
5. What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact?
6. Define Fascism. What is the appeal of this system?  Name three fascist leaders in Europe.
7. What was the Great Slump? Where was the inflation the worst? Which country was least equipped to deal with the Crisis?
8. How did the countries of Europe and the United States deal with the Recession of the 1930s? (list each one)
9. Who was John Maynard Keynes?
10. What was the March on Rome? Who came to power through it?
11. How did Mussolini maintain power?
12. What problems were there in the Weimar Republic?
13. When and how did Hitler come to power in Germany? Name his book and the meaning of its title.
14. Name the four primary aspects of Hitler's Third Reich.
15. What was the myth of the Aryan Race?
16. What was the name used for Hitler? for Mussolini?
17. What is lebensraum?
18. What was the luftwaffe?
19. How did Hitler use Propaganda?
20. What was the Maginot Line? What was its purpose?
21. What divisions of military force existed in Nazi Germany?
22. What was the Night of the Long Knives? What was Kristalnacht?
23. Describe the Nuremberg Laws.
24. What were the provisions of the Enabling Act?

Chapter 34-35

1. Describe the creation of the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo-Axis.
2. Name each step Hitler took in violating the Treaty of Versailles.
3. What was the Anschluss?  When did it occur?
4. Where is the Sudetenland?   What issue surrounded it?
5. Who was Neville Chamberlain?  What was appeasement?
6. What were the results of the Munich Conference of 1938?
7. What was Winston Churchill's initial perspective on Hitler? How did others react to Churchill's ideas at first?
8. Who was the Non-Aggression pact between? Why was it a surprise?
9. What happened on Sept. 1, 1939?
10. Describe Bliztkrieg. Was this a new idea?
11. What was the name of the French Government after its Surrender to Germany?
12. What were the major theaters of the war?
13. What allowed Britain to survive against Hitler?
14. Describe the Miracle at Dunkirk.
15. What was Winston Churchill's role in World War II?
16. Who was the Great Hero of the Free French Army?
17. How was the Battle of Britain different than other battles?
18. What advantages did Britain have in the Battle of Britain?
19. What was the Lend-Lease Act?
20. Who were the Axis Powers? The Allied Powers?
21. What was the Final Solution?
22. Who were the victims of the Holocaust?
23. Name three extermination camps of the Holocaust.
24. Who was Heinrich Himmler?  What was he responsible for?
25. Who were the SS?  What did they do?
26. What was Operation Sea Lion?  Was it successful?
27. What was Operation Barbarossa? Why did it fail?
28. Who was the primary German General in North Africa?
29. When did the Japanese begin expanding their empire?  Where did they attack first?
30. Who were the Big Three? Where was each from?
31. What brought the United States into the War?
32. What were two turning point battles in 1942? (Europe & Pacific)
33. What was the American strategy called in the Pacific?
34. What was the last major push of the Nazis in 1944?
35. What was Operation Overlord? Where did it land and when? Who was in charge?
36. What is controversial about the meeting at Yalta? What was its purpose?
37. How did the Potsdam conference differ from Yalta?
38. Where were the bombs dropped on Japan?
39. Explain the results of World War II.