Study Guide for Exam III 

 

 

I. Listing & Quotes

See Lists for Exam III plus

4.  Name five European empires and three places in each. – Listing question.

MAtching question of ruling houses with countries:   Sweden, Britain, Spain, Austria, Prussia, Russia, and France 

 

 

II. True False/ Multiple Choice

 

France & Absolutism

  1.  Name the five elements that had to be handled or overcome in order to be an absolute monarch in France.
  2.  What war the state of religion in France in the 1500s?
  3. Why did Francis I tolerate the protestants? 
  4. How did Francis I increase the power of the king?
  5. What were the Gallican liberties?
  6. What was the policy of Henry II of France?
  7. Who was Catherine di Medici? What was her relationship with Henry II like?
  8. Who were the Huguenots?  How were they treated initially?
  9. What was the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?  Who was responsible?
  10. Who were the contenders in the War of the 3 Henries?   How did it end?
  11. Describe the Provisions of the Edict of Nantes.
  12. What is absolutism?  What do we mean by divine Right?
  13.  How did Henry IV help France?
  14. What is the Paullette? How did this hurt France long-term?
  15. What problems did Henry IV of France not solve completely?
  16.  What was the relationship between Cardinal Richelieu & Louis XIII?
  17. Which three challenges did Richelieu & Louis XIII overcome/ change?  Which issue did they NOT solve?
  18. What were the Frondes?  How did they affect Louis XIV?
  19. When did Louis XIV become king?
  20.  What were the achievements of Louis XIV?
  21. What was the l'hotel des Invalides? 
  22. What were the Gallican liberties and how did Louis XIV increase them?
  23. Describe life at Versailles.  Why did Louis XIV build this?   How much did it cost?
  24. Describe part of the etiquette and purpose of life at Versailles.
  25. What was the levee? 
  26. How were beds made prior to the late 1600s?
  27. What mistakes did Louis XIV make?
  28.  Name three wars Louis XIV fought.   What is the name for the wars between 1689 & 1815?  Why?
  29.  What was the purpose in Louis XIV's wars? What areas did he attack in the 1660s?  Why were the wars a problem?
  30.  What was Louis XIV's nickname? Why?
  31.  How did Louis XIV control the aristocracy?
  32. What was the Edict of Fontainebleau? What effect did it have on French society?
  33. What was Louis' last great war called?  What was it about?
  34. Who was John Churchill?  What title did he later get?  What battle did he when (for which his house is named)?   Who is his famous descendant?  (TEXTBOOK)
  35. Who was John Churchill's ally in this great battle?
  36. Describe the terms of the Treaty of Utrecht.  What war did it end?   What did Louis get out of it?
  37. What is the asiento?   Who got it?
  38. What problem did Louis have with succession?
  39.  Name three other countries besides France that developed absolutist monarchs.
  40. Name two monarchs of Europe considered themselves "Enlightened despots."

 

Chapter 9-10 -- 18th Century & warfare & The map

  1. What/ When was the Ancien Regime?
  2. Give seven characteristics of the Ancien Regime.
  3. Explain the theory of mercantilism.  
  4. How did population change in Europe in the 18th century?  What effects did this have?
    1. What were some of the studies of population?
    2. Who was Thomas Malthus? What did his work say?
  5. What were the spiritual characteristics of the Ancien Regime?
  6. Define and describe the Second Hundred Years War.  Who was involved?  What conflicts/ wars did it include?
  7. France
    1. How was Louis XV when he became king?  Who challenged his rule?  Who were his regents?
    2. What was Louis XV's nickname? Why?  WHo was Madame de Pompadour?
    3. How did the Paris Parlement's role change during Louis XV's reign?
  8.  Britain
    1. When did Scotland and England unify into Great Britain?
    2. What territories did Britain have on the European continent that led them into war?
  9. Lesser Powers
    1. Where did the House of Savoy govern eventually?  What kingdom it receive first?
    2. Which areas of Europe were republics?
    3. What principle was generally held as true regarding republics?
    4. What was the period of anarchy in Sweden? 
    5. Which country did Sweden fight the Great Northern War against (primarily)?
    6. How big was Poland?  What was its greatest problem?
    7. Who were the szlactha?
    8. Which countries were involved in the Partition of Poland? When did it reappear?
  10. Prussia
    1.  What family governed Prussia? Which ruler consolidated most of Brandenburg-Prussia?
    2. Who was the first king of Prussia & how did he get the title?
    3. What were the German nobility called? (textbook)
    4. What was the most important aspect of life for the Prussian kings
    5. Name three reforms of Frederick the Great.
    6. Define "enlightened despot".  Were they successful at reform?
    7. Why did Frederick the Great actually create reforms?
  11. Austria
    1. Who was the ruling family of the Austrian Empire? What areas did the Austrians rule?
    2. What nationalities were present in the Austrian Empire?
    3. What city did the Turks lay siege to  in 1683?  How did it turn out?  Who helped the Austrians?
    4. What territory did Austria gain as a result of the Treaty of Utrecht?
    5. What was the War of Austrian Succession over?  What changed for Maria Theresa as a result?
    6. How did the church change in Austria under Maria Theresa?  
    7. Name three reforms of Joseph II.  How successful were these reforms? (textbook)
    8. What was the primary territory Prussia & Austria fought over?
  12. What happened as part of the Diplomatic Revolution?   How did the alliances change?
  13. What the four phases of warfare in the 18th century? 
  14. Explain the term "balance of power".  How did this affect European politics?
  15. Russia
    1. What family ruled Russia? Who was their founder?
    2. Who were the boyars? the streltsi? (textbook)
    3. How did Peter the Great come to rule by himself? (textbook)
    4. Describe Peter the Great and his rule for Russia.   What reforms did he make?
    5. What was his major foreign policy goal?  What city did he actually create?   
    6. Name three wars of Peter the Great. (textbook)
    7. How successful were Catherine the Great's reforms?  What did she not eliminate?
  16. Ottomans
    1. How long did the Ottoman Empire last?  When did it reach its height?
    2. Who were the Ottomans primary adversaries in Europe in the 18th century?
    3. What type of government did the Ottomans have?
  17. Empires
    1. Define the Atlantic World. What were the beginning and ending events?
    2. Which European war began in the Americas?
    3. What was the first world wide war?

  18. What were the four basic paths to reform in the 18th century and characteristics of each?

  19. Who was the most successful in creating reform?  Why?   Examples?

  20. Who were the first abolitionists?  Define asiento and middle passage.

  21. Who was William Wilberforce?   John Newton? Josiah Wedgwood?  What did each contribute to  the anti-slavery movement?

  22. When was the slave trade abolished first? Which country?  Who was instrumental?

  23. What were Sunday Schools for?  Results?

  24. What other methods were taken to provide for the welfare of children?

    25.  

 

18th Century Reform & Enlightenment Chapter 12-13  -- Enlightement lecture on-line (Canvas)

  1.  Name three foundations of the social and political reform movements of the 18th century.

  2. Name eight different issues needing reform discussed by reformers in the 18th century.

  3. What was meant by "liberal reform"?

  4.  What were the problems in the penal system?   What was Cesare Beccaria's contribution on this?

  5. What was the "Woman Question" in the Enlightemnent?

  6. What are the beginning & ending events for the Enlightenment?

  7. Which class was most involved in the Enlightenment? How did the Enlightenment view democracy?

  8. Who were the Philosophes?

  9. What was John Locke's epistemology?

  10. What is the social contract theory of government?  What were the two main theories on this? (Locke vs. Hobbes)

  11. Name two principles put forth by Baron de Montesquieu.

  12. Who was the Prince of the Philosophes? What was one of his works? What was his attitude toward religion?

  13. What was Denis Diderot's contribution to the Enlightenment?

  14. What was Adam Smith's great work? Where was he from?    What was his major theory?

  15. What was Mary Wollstonecraft's contribution to the Enlightenment? What was her great work?

  16. Who was the leading intellectual figure in England in the 18th century?  What was his major work?

  17. What was Jean Jacques Rousseau's primary primary work?   Why is not always considered a philosophe?

 

 Chpt. 14 The French Revolution

  1.  List the three main factors necessary for Revolution.
  2. Name five Revolutions in the Atlantic World between 1689 and 1830.
  3. What was Troppau Protocol about and why was it issued?
  4. What situation created the Monroe Doctrine?  Which two countries helped create it?
  5.  Define "revolution."
  6. What alternative names could be used to describe the American Revolution?
  7. How many branches of government were included in the second American Constitution?
  8. When was the moment of Revolution in the American Revolution?
  9. Who was Cincinnatus and why is he important for the U.S.?
  10. Why is George Washington important?
  11. What was the Revolution of 1800?
  12. What was Edmund Burke's position on the American Revolution?   On the French Revolution?  Why?
  13. What are the major points of Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France?
  14. Name the major characteristics of a Revolution.  How does each apply to France?
  15. What are the basic stages of a revolution?  What was the spark that set everything off in France?
  16. Describe the characteristics of the King and Queen of France in 1789.
  17. Name the first two estates.   Give four characteristics of each of these two.
  18. Who was included in the Third Estate?   How was it divided up?  Give the three categories and characteristics of each.
  19. Who was the largest percentage of the French population?  Who paid most of the taxes?  What types of taxes did each group and estate pay?  
  20. Who owned most of the land in France?  What was the problem with this?
  21. What difficulties were there in the French legal system by 1789?
  22. What problems existed in the French tax system & economy?
  23. Name and define the three major taxes in France. Who paid these?
  24. Who were the most volatile group in French society?
  25. What was the Catholic Church's role in France's finances?
  26. What crisis set off the French Revolution?
  27. What was the Estates General?  Why was it called into session?
  28. What did each estate want?  What were these demands called?
  29. What was Abbe Sieyes' pamphlet What is the Third Estate? about?
  30. What was the connection between the American and French Revolutions?
  31.  What was different between the American Bill of Rights & the Declaration of the Rights of Man & Citizen?
  32.  What was the Tennis Court Oath?
  33. Name each of the legislative bodies of France.  Which phase of Revolution does each go with?  Which constitution?  How long did each government last?
  34.  What were assignats?
  35. How did the First Stage of Revolution attack authority?  (There should be four elements from lecture.)
  36. Define the Civil Constitution of the Clergy.  What did it do?
  37. What  mistakes did Louis XVI make?
  38. What events led up to the Storming of the Bastille?  Who was involved in the attack?
  39. Define the Great Fear.   What impact did it have?
  40. What was the night of August the Fourth?
  41. What was the role of the Paris mob in the Revolution?
  42. Who was Charles Maurice de Talleyrand?  What was his role in French politics?
  43. What were the provisions of the Constitution of 1791?
  44. What were the problems with the Constitutional Monarchy?
  45. What were the September Massacres?
  46. Who were the emigres?
  47.  How did other European countries react to the Revolution in France?  How did it change?
  48. What was the Declaration of Pilintz?
  49. What steps were taken to "save the Revolution"?
  50. What was the Republic of Virtue?
  51. Who were the Jacobins?  Name their three primary leaders.
  52. What were three governing bodies of the Republic of Virtue?
  53. What began the Reign of Terror?
  54. What were the three Tools of (or legislation that allowed) the Reign of Terror?  What did each do?
  55. Name the six reforms of the First French Republic. What two reforms were not well-received?
  56. How did the Reign of Terror end?  What government followed it?
  57. What were the problems of the Directory?
  58. Name three people involved in the French Revolution whom the song Viva La Viva by Coldplay could apply to.

Chpt. 15-16: The Rise of Napoleon & Congress of Vienna

  1. Where was Napoleon from?  Give three characteristics of Napoleon.
  2. What does the "whiff of grapeshot" refer to?
  3. What was Edmund Burke's prediction for the end of the French Revolution?
  4. Name two major battles that Napoleon won.
  5. Who was Napoleon's great adversary on the sea?
  6. What is the Rosetta Stone & why is it in the British Museum? (Hint Battle of the Nile)
  7. What was the Coup of Brumaire?
  8. What were the steps to Napoleon becoming emperor?
  9.  What did the Concordat of 1801 do?
  10.  What were Napoleon's achievements in terms of French Society?
  11.  What was the purpose of the Grand Empire?
  12. What was the Peace of Amiens?
  13. What was Napoleon's great Mistake?  Who was his great foe?  What battle was involved?
  14. Why did the Continental System fail?
  15. What mistake did Napoleon make in 1812?  Why was it such a disaster?
  16. Who was Arthur Wellesley?  What was his other name?  What type of military leader was he?
  17. Who was the Prussian General who fought Napoleon?
  18. Who was the ultimate political survivor in France?  Why?
  19. What were the Hundred Days?
  20. What happened at Waterloo?    What were the results?  Who were the generals involved?
  21.  Where was Napoleon exiled to first?            Finally?
  22. What caused the War of 1812 between the U.S. & Great Britain?  What was the British perspective on the war?
  23. Name the powers at the Congress of Vienna.  
  24. Who represented France at the Congress of Vienna?
  25. What principles were part of the Congress of Vienna?
  26. Name the powers of the Quadruple Alliance.
  27. Name the powers of the Holy Alliance.
  28. What was the Congress System?
  29.  What were the results of the Congress of Vienna?
  30. What was the Concert of Europe?  how effective was it?