STUDY GUIDE EXAM I

I.  Map

See list:  Map List

 

II. Listing Questions & Quotes

     See list:   Listing    & Quotes

   Questions below marked with an asterisk  (*) may also be fill in the blank.

 

III.  MATCHING

 

B.   Matching -- images

Check Canvas for images to match to their creator.

III. True/False and Multiple Choice Questions will be drawn from the following topics:   

Historical & Medieval Background & Chapter 1

  1. Who is the father of history?
  2. Name the three Cs of historical study.
  3. Name and describe three different methods for dating. (Give the calendar, the country/ culture & explain its origin.)
  4. Who invented BC & AD?  Who made it popular?
  5. What was the life expectancy in medieval Europe? How did vary in the 14th century (1300s)?  Why did these variations occur?
  6. How much of the population died before age 15?  were engaged in agriculture?*  What was the ratio of women who died in childbirth?  What was the average life expectancy in 1300?  How did the Plague affect life expectancy?
  7. Give four important physical characteristics of Europe.
  8. How did the physical features affect the development of European society?
  9. Where the medieval universities?   What was similar?  What was different?
  10. Name four things the medieval world had, and four things they didn't.  Be prepared for True/false questions on this.
  11. What were the levels of the guild? What was the purpose of the guild?
  12. Define susbistence affluence.
  13. What were the elements of the Trivium? The Quadrivium?*  Listing possibility
  14. What was the Magna Carta and what did it influence?
  15. The Wars of the Roses were between whom?   In which country were they fought?  (textbook)
  16. How was the Holy Roman Emperor selected?
  17. Name the seven electors of the Holy Roman Empire.*
  18. Name the four elements of the universe.  Name the four corresponding humors & personality types.*

 

The Renaissance & Chapter 2-3

  1. What does "Renaissance" mean?   Name two other ways to say this.
  2. List the predecessors for the Italian Renaissance. What were the characteristics of these?
  3. Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
  4. Which city was the leading city of Italy culturally? financially?
  5. What were the characteristics of the Italian Renaissance?
  6. Define humanism.
  7. What was the new motto of the Renaissance humanists?  What subjects were added to the curriculum in the Renaissance?
  8. Is England known for its painters? Why or why not?
  9. What was Petrarch's most famous work?   What was his point?
  10.  What is Dante Aligheri's great work?  What is significant about it for the Renaissance?
  11. What was important about Vasari?  What was his great work?  What did it say?
  12. Who were the Medici?  What role did they play in Florentine politics?   What titles did they claim?  What was the significance of this?
  13. How did Cosimo di Medici affect the founding of the Renaissance?  How did the later Medici influence the Renaissance?
  14. What titled positions did the Medici eventually occupy in Europe? Name at least 3.
  15. How did Constantinople influence the Renaissance?
  16. Name three innovations or changes in politics with the Renaissance.
  17. What did the painting The Journey of the Magi depict?
  18. List three political writers of the Renaissance.  What their works and their messages?
  19. What was the Renaissance elbow? What did it show?
  20. What qualities should a Prince have according to Machiavelli? Why was Machiavelli writing? (In  The Prince)  Who was he writing to?
  21. What is Sprezzatura?
  22. Name the two families most closely associated with Milan.  (textbook)
  23. Who were the Tuscan Triumvirate? What did they accomplish?  (textbook)
  24. Who was Giotto? What artistic accomplishment did he have? (textbook)
  25. What new trends arose in the art  (painting and sculpture) of the Renaissance?
  26. Who was the "Prince of the Northern Humanists"?
  27. Give two examples of a "Renaissance man" and explain why each fits the definition.
  28. Give six characteristics of the visual arts of the Renaissance.*
  29. Why was The Last Judgment of Michelangelo considered controversial? Why was the Sistine Chapel ceiling controversial? 
  30. What paintings is Sandro Boiticelli famous for?   What themes did he use?
  31. What was the political purpose behind some of Shakespeare's writings?   For whom did he write?
  32. What similarities existed between Shakespeare's work & Michelangelo's?
  33. Give four examples of Shakespeare's themes/ contributions in his work and an exemplary work. 

On-line materials

  1. What type of government was Florence most proud of?   Which state threatend Florence's independence in the early 1400s?
  2. What was the best way to study anatomy?  Why was that a problem in the Middle Ages?
  3. Explain naturalism as it applied to Renaissance art.
  4. Define Contrapposto and give five characteristics of it.
  5. Who was responsible for the dome of the cathedral of Florence (duomo)?   How large is it?
  6.  Explain three challenges of building the duomo.  How were these solved?
  7. What had to be invented or rediscovered to build the Dome of the Cathedral of Florence?  (about 5 things)
  8. What five classical architectural elements are present in  Massacio's  Holy Trinity?
  9. What element from Brunelleschi was Massacio first to incorporate into The Holy Trinity?  
  10. What is striking about Massacio's depiction of Christ in  The Holy Trinity?
  11. What is Boiticelli's Primavera about and who is in the of the painting?  How is he combining classical and Christian elements here?
  12. Which god in Boiticelli's Primavera was misidentified in the video?  Who do they say it is and who is actually?
  13. What makes the High Renaissance different from the Early Renaissance?   What two artists are most generally associated with the High Renaissance?
  14. What was Leonardo da Vinci's background? 
  15. What four areas was Michelangelo proficient in?  What areas of art/ science was Leonardo proficient in?
  16.  Why are there two versions of  The Virgin of the Rocks?    What is the stylistic sign that this is part of the High Renaissance?   What is the technique of sfumato?  Why is this a "Madonna of Humility"?
  17. Where is the Mona Lisa kept and why is difficult to see here?   
  18. What is the background of the Mona Lisa like?  Why is it considered the "most famous painting" in the World? How did that happen?
  19. Why are the more portraits in the Renaissance?   (at least 2 reasons)   How did portraits change?
  20. In the Mona Lisa,  what has Leonardo changed in his technique?  Why? (3 things)
  21. What was Michelangelo's nickname?  How large was  The David?
  22. Who asked Michelangelo to carve his tomb after Michelangelo finished the  The David?  How many sculptures was it to contain? What happened with the tomb?
  23. What does Michelangelo's Pieta  depict? What is striking about it?
  24. Describe Michelangelo's Moses.   What else is nearby in this church?
  25. List five of the central paintings on the Sistine Chapel Ceiling.   What are ignudi? Where are they in the Sistine Chapel?
  26. What was controversial and revolutionary of the Ceiling?
  27. Where is the Sistine Chapel?  Why is it important for Catholicism?
  28. How did the painting on the Sistine Chapel ceiling mirror Michelangelo's work in sculpture?
  29. How did cleaning change the understanding of the painting?
  30. What is a sybil?  How is this used in the Sistine Chapel? 
  31.  When did Michelangelo paint the Ceiling and when did he paint the  Last Judgment?What even occurs between the the ceiling and the  Last Judgment?
  32. Describe the Last Judgment.  What was revolutionary, controversial about this painting?

 The Reformation & Chapter 4-5

  1.  What were the three stages of the Reformation? 
  2. What did the Seamless Robe of Christ refer to?*
  3. What are the Seven Sacraments and the purpose of each? *
  4. Name and describe the Seven Deadly Sins.*
  5. Define and give the elements of the Great Chain of Being.*
  6. Explain the principle laid out in the Unam Sanctum. -- Textbook question -- chpt. 1
  7. What was the Great Schism in 1054?  In  the 1370s? Textbook  -- chpt. 1
  8. Name and explain seven categories in which the Church influenced medieval life.
  9.  Explain the basis of the authority of the Pope.
  10. What was Petrine Theory?  Theory of Two swords? 
  11. Define the following terms:   Anathema;  Excommunication; Transubstantiation; Heresy; Consubstantiation; Interdict
  12. Who was John Wycliff?  What was his message?  What was his fate?
  13. Who were the Lollards?
  14. Who was John Hus?   What was his message?  How was his fate different from John Wyclif?
  15. What was the Council of Pisa about?   Council of Constance?
  16. Who was Savonarola? What was the Bonfire of the Vanities?
  17. What did Martin Luther have in common with these men? What faith issue did Martin Luther struggle with?
  18. Prior to 1516, who was responsible for the last translation of the Bible?   What problems were there with that translation?
  19. Who translated the Bible in 1516?  What major doctrine of Catholicism did he shake with his translation?
  20. What does Humpty Dumpty refer to?
  21. Who were the Renaissance Popes?  What problems did they have (spiritually speaking)?
  22.  Define Simony.   What sorts of problems did this create for the Catholic Church?
  23. What were indulgences?   Explain the scenario involving indulgences and simony that so angered Martin Luther.
  24. Who was Johann Tetzel?   Bishop Albrecht?
  25. What were the 95 Theses? Who answered?
  26. What was the Diet of Worms?   What happened to Luther?
  27.  Who was Frederick the Wise?
  28. Why was the Reformation of Martin Luther successful?   (Seven reasons -- be specific about each one) 
  29. Who was Johannes Guttenberg?   Why is he important?
  30. Who fought in the Battle of Lepanto?  Who won & what was the significance of this?
  31. Who was the step-father of the Reformation?  Why?
  32. How was the Swiss Confederation organized?
  33. What countries outside of the Holy Roman Empire became Lutheran strongholds?  Why?
  34. Where did Ulrich Zwingli begin his work?   What reforms did he make?
  35. What effect on Swiss society did Zwingli's reforms have?
  36. Who was John Calvin? Where was he from?  What was his great work?
  37. What was the religious position of the Calvinists?  Include Predestination.
  38. Who were the Huguenots?  How were they treated initially?
  39.  Who led the Reformation in Scotland?  What were his beliefs?
  40. Who were the Anabaptists?  What did they believe? 
  41. Who was Meno Simmons?   Who was Jan Matthys?  What were their beliefs?
  42. Who opposed the Anabaptists?  Why?  What happened to most of the  Anabaptists?
  43. Why does a monarch refer to themselves as "we"? 
  44. What is the difference between heirs male and heirs general?
  45. Why was religious unity considered vital?
  46. What religious work did Henry VIII write?
  47. What made Henry VIII break away from the Catholic Church?   What reforms occurred in England?
  48. What was the King's Great Matter?   What was the problem with Henry VIII's first marriage?  What was the result?
  49. Name Henry VIII's wives in order and their children.
  50. When did religious reform occur in England?
  51. What was the reaction of the Roman Church to the Protestant Reformation?
  52. Who was Ignatius Loyola?
  53. What was the role of the Index and the Inquisition?

The Age of Discovery & Chapter 6  --- All textbook

Be sure to review the term list for chapter 6, as well as chapters 1-5.

  1. What characteristics of European geography made for good sailors?
  2. Who was Prince Henry the Navigator?   What was his contribution to the Age of Discovery?
  3. What did the marriage of Ferdinand & Isabella accomplish for Spain?
  4. Name two types of naval technology that made the Age of Discovery possible.
  5. What commercial centers did the Portuguese establish?
  6. What were Columbus' three ships?  What was the result of each of his voyages?
  7. Describe Columbus' beliefs about the world's size & shape? What was significant about this?
  8. What was the Treaty of Tordesillas (Papal Line of Demarcation)?  What did it do?
  9. Name three Portuguese explorers and their contribution.
  10. Give four characteristics of the Aztec empire.
  11. Who were two of the major conquerors of Central & South America?  How did they accomplish the conquest of the native civilizations?
  12. Explain how the  Americas got their name.
  13. Which European country first dominated the spice trade? How did they accomplish this?  Who took it over?
  14. What areas were known for spices?
  15. Define capitalism. 
  16. Where did the Hanseatic League trade?
  17. Name two banking families in Europe.