HIST 110 Study Guide: Exam III

Textbook Chapters: 

   Remember to go over the separate handouts for:

Listing (with additions below), & Quotes

Listing Additions

  1. List five cultural hearths
  2. Six Reasons for Success of Alexander the Great
  3. Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
  4. Give the philosophical genealogy of Socrates. (Who was each philosopher's greatest student?)
  5. List five achievements of Aristotle
  6. Three Greek philosophers
  7. Three characteristics of the Hellenistic World  (answers may vary)
  8. Three Greek playwrights
  9. List three achievements/ gifts to Western Society from each society we've studied.  Include the following:  Mesopotamia, Egypt, Lydians, Hittites, Hebrews, Assyria, Persia, Babylon, Greece, Rome.   
  10. Four Mystery religions
  11. Don't forget the rest of the listing for Exam #3

Quotes:  Don't forget the quotes for Exam 3

The Greeks

  1.    Describe the elements of Greek drama. What types of drama existed?  What  were the major themes of Greek drama?
  2. Give four playwrights & a play of each.
  3.  Explain the Socratic Problem.   
  4. Who is our major source for the Peloponnesian Wars?  What was significant about his history?
  5. Who were the sides in the Peloponnesian War?  What caused it?  Who won? 
  6. What were the results of the Peloponnesian War for Athens?
  7. What was the original purpose of the Delian League?  What happened to it eventually?
  8. Who was Alcibiades and what was his role in the wars?
  9. Who were the 30 Tyrants?
  10. Explain the difference between chaos & cosmos.  
  11. Why did Philosophy begin in Greece?  
  12. Where did philosophy begin?  Why?  
  13. Who was the first philosopher & how did he believe the universe worked?
  14. Define cosmology.
  15. Name four early philosophers and their ideas.
  16. What are the four elements of the universe, according to the Greeks?
  17. Who were the Sophists?  What did they teach?  Why was this a problem in Athens?
  18. Describe the elements of the Socratic method.  What was the purpose of this?
  19. What was did Socrates teach about politics & the soul?  Why was this problematic for Athens?
  20. Why and for what was Socrates put on trial?    Describe the outcome of the trial.
  21. What were Plato's primary philosophical ideas?   Who should rule?
  22. Explain the Allegory of the Cave.  
  23. What was Plato's school?  What were the requirements for joining it?
  24. Describe Aristotle's background.  
  25. What was Aristotle's school like?  How did it differ from Plato's?
  26.  In which fields did Aristotle make achievements?  Describe them. 
  27. Name four works of Plato and four works of Aristotle. 
  28. What were three forms of good government & the three corrupt forms according to Aristotle?   What made a government good? corrupt?
  29. Explain the fallacy of the trades.
  30. Give seven achievements/ parts of his legacy for Aristotle.
  31. What were the primary ideas of  Pythagoras?    
  32. What does logos mean to the Greeks?
  33. Who was Aristotle's greatest student?

Alexander & the Hellenistic World

  1. Who was Philip of Macedon?  Why was he called the greatest man Europe ever produced?
  2. How did Philip change the Macedonian army? the Entire state?
  3. How did Philip die?
  4. Who was Olympias?
  5. List & Explain how Alexander the Great  was able to conquer as much as he did.
  6. Who was Bucephalus?
  7. What is the Gordian Knot & why was it significant?
  8. Describe the events surrounding the battle of Gaugamela.
  9. What happened to Alexander & his empire?
  10. What were the primary characteristics of the Hellenistic world?
  11. How was the Hellenistic world divided politically?  What were those divisions? 
  12. How was economic unification achieved in the Mediterranean?
  13. What was the last great political contribution of the Greeks?
  14. What happened to Alexander's son and heir?
  15. Define syncretism and give two examples.
  16. Define and give the characteristics of mystery religions.
  17. Name and describe  five different mystery religions.
  18.  Describe the role of the Jews in the Roman Empire.
  19. What was the Jewish Exemption?  Why was it given?
  20. In chronological order, list the different groups who ruled Judea after Alexander the Great.
  21. Name the different divisions of the Library at Alexandria.  What did it contain?
  22. Who founded the library at Alexandria?  What were the subjects studied?
  23. What happened to the library in 145 BC?  What was the result?  
  24. Who were Celsus & Galen?  What were the achievements of Hippocrates?  
  25. Give the achievements for each of the following:  Eratosthenes, Archimedes, Hipparchus, Aristarchus, Ptolemy, Polybius, Menader, and Euclid.
  26. Describe the role of women in the Hellenistic world. (textbook)
  27. What was the difference between the philosophies of Epicurus and Zeno? (textbook)
  28. What is the difference between Hellenic and Hellenistic?
  29. Describe the difference in Alexandria & Rome.
  30. What were the population numbers of the World, Rome, & Alexandria by the first century AD?
  31. What is the origin of the term museum?
  32. Describe the research facility and library at Alexandria
  33. Who burned the library, when and why?  (There should be two events listed.)
  34. How long was Alexandria a center of learning?
  35. What is the modern status of the library? of the lighthouse? of the Colossus of Rhodes?

Rome

  1. What were the three primary phases of Roman history?  The phases of the Empire?
  2. What is the year #1 for Rome (the beginning of the Roman dating system)?
  3. How did Rome unify the Mediterranean?
  4.  What four things characterized Roman geography?  What effects did these have?
  5. Name the seven hills of Rome and their significance.
  6. What are the two sources for the legendary founding of Rome (give the legend with each)?
  7. What was the purpose of the Aenead legend?  What precedents did it set?
  8. What was the purpose of the Romulus & Remus legend?  What precedents did it set?
  9. Who were the Etruscans? (Chapter 5)
  10. Describe the geography of Rome.  What were its problems?  What developments occurred through solving these problems?
  11. What did Rome gain from the Etruscans?
  12.  What is the legend associated with the beginning of the Roman republic? Who recorded it?
  13. What principles are found in this legend?
  14. Name each of the Roman social values and explain their meaning.
  15. What was the pater?    What was the difference in potestas and auctoritas?
  16. Name the assemblies of  Rome and what each did.
  17. Who was Cinncinatus? Why was he important?
  18. What principles guided the use of magistrates in Rome?
  19. Name three parallels between the Roman government & the U.S. government.
  20. What were the primary characteristics of the Roman Republic?
  21. What were the three classes in Rome?
  22. What were the rights of a Roman citizen? What two types of citizen were there?
  23. How was the government of  Rome different from Athens?  (Name three ways.)
  24. Describe how the Roman Republican government worked?
  25.  What was the patron-client system?   How did it work?
  26.  Name the  four types of executive magistrates in Rome.  What did each do?
  27. What important innovations did the Romans make in Law?
  28. Describe the organization & innovations of the Roman Army.

 

  1. How and when did Roman expansion begin?
  2. Describe the fighting and results of the First Punic War.
  3. Where does the name Punic come from?
  4. Which of the Punic Wars was the most important militarily?
  5.  Who was King Pyrrhus and what did he do?
  6. What were the crucial elements of Roman education?
  7. Who was Hannibal and what did he do?
  8. What were the important military/ tactical developments of the Punic Wars?
  9. Give two  battles of the Punic Wars & their outcome.
  10. Which Senator was largely responsible for the Third Punic War?   What was his famous phrase & its meaning?
  11. What was the final result of the Punic Wars?
  12. What problems arose as Rome began to expand around 133 BC?
  13. List and explain the four stages of the breakdown of the Republic.
  14.  Who were the Gracchi brothers and what reforms did they make?
  15. What happened to the Gracchi brothers?  What precedent did this set?
  16.  What was the final result of the Gracchi brothers'  reforms?
  17. What reforms did Sulla make & what precedents did he set?
  18. Name the members of the First Triumvirate and their accomplishments.
  19. Who was Cato the Elder and what attitudes was he known for?
  20. What does Veni Vidi Vici mean?  What is its significance?
  21. What does Crossing the Rubicon mean?  What is its significance?
  22. What titles does Julius Caesar receive?   What problems does he create in Rome?  
  23. What happens after Caesar's assassination?
  24. Name and describe the members of the Second Triumvirate.
  25. What happened at the Battle of Actium?
  26. Describe Octavian's approach to ruling.  
  27. Describe the changes that Augustus made in the Roman army.
  28. What were Augustus' achievements for the Roman Empire?  What great mistake did he make?
  29. Name and define four different  titles of Augustus Caesar.  What was his real name?
  30. Name and describe the social values of the Romans.
  31. What three things did the Romans require of all parts of the Empire? Why?
  32. When was the pinnacle of the Roman Empire and who was emperor at that point?
  33. What was the Silver Age of Roman literature?  Name three authors who were part of it?


Christianity & the Roman Empire
  1. Name the four divisions of first century Judaism.
  2. Name the elements of Jesus' message.
  3. Explain the appeal of Christianity to many in the Roman empire. (Name at least three elements)
  4. What were the accusations against Christians by the Romans?
  5. What problems existed between Christianity & Rome?
  6. How and why were Christians confused with the Mystery Relgions?
  7. What was one of the primary organizational problems of the Roman Empire?
  8. What were the major trends under the Julio-Claudian emperors?
  9. Who were the five good emperors and what did they each do?
  10. Describe the gladiatorial events.  What were the purposes of these events?
  11. What made the third century terrible?
  12.  Why could imperial Rome be described as "a great parasite"?
  13. Name the five centers of Christianity in the Ancient World.
  14. What was the Nicene Creed?
  15. What was unique about the Jews relationship with Rome?
  16. Describe the idea of Messiah as it existed in the first century.
  17. Name the elements of Jesus' message.
  18. Give the fate of at least four of the apostles.
  19. What were the catacombs?
  20. Who were most of the early adherents to Christianity?  Why?
  21. Which was the first gospel?  Why was it written?
  22. What are the major periods of the Roman empire?  What was the relationship like with Christianity during each period? 
  23. What was one of the primary organizational problems of the Roman Empire?
  24. What type of emperor was Nero?  What was his relationship with the Christians?
  25. Who were the five good emperors and what did they each do?
  26. Describe the gladiatorial events.  What were the purposes of these events?
  27.  What made the third century terrible?
  28. What was significant about the reign of the Emperor Galineus?
  29.  How was Jesus a feminist for his time?
  30.  Why was crucifixion such a problem for Romans?
  31.  Which apostle was most responsible for taking the gospel to the Gentiles?  
  32.  What happened on the Road to Damascus?  What  does this mean as a literary allusion?
  33. How was Christianity similar to the Mystery Religions?  How was it different?
  34. Why did Constantine legalize Christianity?
  35.  What were the benefits of legalization?  What problems occurred?
  36. What was Constantine's conversion like?  His relationship to the Church?
  37.  Name four heresies of the second through fourth centuries & define each.
  38. Give a timeline of the events of Augustine's life.
  39. Name three ideas which came from the City of God.
  40.  Describe the doctrinal differences between the Romans Church and the Eastern Orthodox.