HIST/ POLS 426 Study Guide: Exam II

Main Index
I. Identification
The second section will be listing and identification section.  For identifications, be sure to explain completely who, what, when, where, why, how  & significance for each item.  

Cosmopolis Oiokumene Apotheosis Aristotle
Citizenship Imperium Royal Rome Roman Republic
Pomerium Polybius Tyche Comitia
Magistrate Patricians Plebeians The Senate
Senatus Conultum Centuriate Assembly Plebeian Assembly Struggle of the Orders
Secessio Consul Tribune Praetor
Cursus Honorum Censors Dictator Cincinnatus
Problems of Empire Aediles Cura urbis Quaestors
Zeno Stoic Thought Diogenes Epicureans
Cicero the Philippics Civitas De Legibus
De Republica Diocletian Decurions Duces
Comtes Diocletians Local Reforms Prefects Dioceses
Praeses Constantine Augustine Symmachus
City of God Confessions Just War Theory Theory of Two Swords
Petrine Theory Edmund Plowden Body Politic Theory Hincmar of Rheims
John of Salisbury Investiture Controversy Solomon's Coronation Council of Nicaea
Caesaropapism Edict of Milan Donatist Controversy Investiture Controversy
Magna Carta Dante, De Monarchia Christine de Pizan Sir John Fortescue
Stephen Langdon      

 


II. Listing

The following are possible listing items.

  1. List four important factors of the ancient political context

  2. List three Roman words for power/ authority and define each.

  3. List seven political innovations of Greek polei

  4. List four types of government and their definition from Plato

  5. According to Aristotle, list the three types of good government and their corresponding corruption.

  6. Name the assemblies and magistrates of Rome

  7. Name the periods of Roman history (with dates)

  8. List the five classes of Rome and their political standing

  9. Three eras of Stoic thought (listed by the thinker)

  10. List four different passages of Scripture (either OT or NT) and the perspective therein on government

  11. List and define the three parts of Just War Theory

  12. List three characteristics of Caesaropapism

  13. List the four elements of Constantinian transformation of Rome

  14. List three different types of hereditary succession and define each.

 

IV. Quotes.

Identify the speaker and/or work for each of the following quotes.

  1. I declare our city is an education unto Greece.

  2. In the perfect state, the good man is absolutely the same as a the good citizen; whereas in other states the good citizen is only good relatively to his own form of government.

  3. Hence it is evident that the state is a creation of nature and that man is by nature a political animal.

  4. Until either philosophers become kings or those now kings and regents become genuine philosophers.

  5. What man is so indifferent or so idle that he would not wish to know how and under what form of government almost all the inhabited world came under the single rule of the Romans in less than 53 years

  6. Fruitful as Fortune is in change, and constantly as she is producing dramas in the life of men, yet assuredly never before this did she work such a marvel, or act such a drama, as that which we have witnessed."

  7. The commonwealth … is the people’s affair; and the people is not every group of men, associated in any manner, but is the coming together of a considerable number of men who are united by a common agreement about laws and rights and by desire to participate in mutual advantage

  8. "Law is highest reason implanted in Nature, which commands what out to be done and forbids the opposite.”

  9. What are kingdoms but great bands of brigands?

  10. In this sign, you will conquer.

  11.  Let everyone be subject to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which God has established. The authorities that exist have been established by God. Consequently, whoever rebels against the authority is rebelling against what God has instituted, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves.

V. Essay
The third section will be to write one complete essay on one of the following.  You will have a choice of three questions. You choose one. Use specifics from your textbook, the materials discussed in class and other readings.

  1. Compare and contrast the political ideas of  at least two of the following: Augustine, Cicero, Aristotle, Aquinas, and/ or Plato. Demonstrate the links between the two you choose as well as the differences.
  2. Compare and contrast the approaches to the state found in Aristotle, Cicero, Augustine, and Aquinas, and others.  What areas do they agree upon? What theories spring from their ideas?
  3. Explain the concept of the two cities in Augustine's City of God. What is the political ideal here? What is the overall theory/ approach to government?
  4.  The question of the relationship of Church  & State is one of the thorniest issues in the Western political tradition.  Explain how and why the relationship changed with Christianity, what the relevant Biblical passages are, evaluate the positive and negative aspects of the relationship, as well as the various outlines for how these two relate in the theorists we have discussed.
  5. Compare and contrast the approaches to the relationship of church and state represented in Constantine, Augustine, Aquinas, Hincmar, and Dante.
  6. Explain the composition of Roman government and what precedents for Western political thought and tradition emerged from it.
  7. The concept of natural law begins well before the Enlightenment.  Trace the origins of natural law through the theorists we have discussed, including Cicero & Aquinas.
  8. Compare and contrast the sources of authority for monarchy, papacy, and governments in general found in Classical and Medieval theory.
  9. Explain the influence of Constantine on Western political thought.  How does he shape issues and problems?