1. HIST 377 Study Guide: Final Exam

   Main Index
   I. Identification
   The first section will be listing and identification section.  For identifications, be sure to explain completely who, what, when, where, why, how  & significance for each item.  

   You will have one section of ids, part of which will come from a cumulative list and the rest will be new material.  You will have to choose at least one from the cumulative material.   You also be able to choose one identification term from your term paper to explain.   (total of 8-9 ids)

   Peloponnesian Wars	Persian Wars	Classical World	Herodotus
   Homer	Polis	Aristotle vs. Plato	30 Tyrants
   Great Rhetra	Alexander the Great	Battle of Ipsus	Marathon
   Mediterranean Triad Diet	Ruler cults	Philip of Macedon	Library at Alexandria
   Aetolian League	Hellenistic Judaism	Mystery Religions	Greek Religion
   Athenian Women	Apotheosis

   Roman Terms -- Current 

   Royal Rome	Pytheas the Greek	Mos Maiorem	Varro
   Politeumata	Hellenistic Education	Roman education	Cicero & marriage
   Tale of Lucretia	Titus Manlius	Paterfamilias	tutela
   Vestal Virgins	Roman marriage	Lex Papia Poppaea	Lex Julia de Adulteris
   Pater Patriae	Fastii	Secessio	Struggle of the Orders
   The Senate	Comitia Curata	Centuriate Assembly	Plebian Assembly
   Consuls	Praetor Peregrinus	Tribunes	Comitia
   Patricians	Lex Ovinia	Senatus consultum ultimum	Campus Martius
   Dictators	Censors	Pomerium	Imperium
   Lician-Sextian Compromise	Latins	Samnites	Roman legion
   Marian Reform	Augustan Reform	Tiberius Gracchus	Gaius Gracchus
   Gaius Marius	L. Cornelius Sulla	First Triumvirate	Second Triumvirate
   Hannibal	Unification of Italy	Numidians	Pyrrhic War
   Carthaginians	Pyrrhus of Epiduris	Treaty of Lutatis	First Punic War
   Scipio Africanus	Cannae	Second Punic War	Third Punic War
   Cato the Censor	Quintus Fabius Maximus	Seleucid War	Conquest of Spain
   Scipionic Reform	Social War	Pompey the Great	Julius Caesar
   Crassus	Marc Antony	Cicero	Praetorian Guard
   Battle of Actium	"Augustus"	Octavian	Julio-Claudian Emperors
   Flavian Dynasty	Nero	Pax Romana	Crisis of the Third Century
   Diocletian	Marcus Aurelius	Constantine	Tetrarchy
   Diocletian's reforms	Provincial government	Battle of Milvian Bridge	Helena
   Church hierarchy	Eusebius	Constantinople	Council of Nicaea
   Equestrians	Optimates vs. Populares	Praetors	Quaestors
   Marcus Lepidus	Nicene Creed	Chi-Rho Sign

   
   II. Listing

   The following are possible listing items

   1. Name the four elements of the universe

   2. Name the four humors of the body

   3. Name the Seven Hills of Rome

   4. Name the Seven Kings of Rome and one gift of each to Rome

   5. Name the five periods of Roman history with the dates of each.

   6. Name three Roman social values

   7. Name the social classes of Rome in order.

   8. Name three methods of Roman marriage, and name three legal requirements necessary for marriage.

   9. Name the twelve Roman Gods and twelve Greek ones and the area each represented.

   10. Name the six major ethnic groups on the Italian peninsula

   11. Name the Julio-Claudian emperors in Order.

   12. Name the emperors of the Flavian dynasty.

   13. Name four problems that arose for Rome from the conquests of the Middle Republic

   14. Name ten sources from the ancient world.  Give their country of origin and the type of source.

   15. List three characteristics of "Barbarians"

   16. Name four Classical Greek artists or sculptures

   17. Name five Hellenistic sculptures and three Hellenistic artists

   18. Name three classical Greek playwrights and two plays of each 

   19. Name the three principles of the polis

   20. List the three basic problems of polis
   21. List Solon's four classes
   22. Compare the Roman, Greek & Christian dating systems.
   23. Name five characteristics of Greek Religion
   24. List the four separate ages of Greece and 2 sources for each.
   25. Name five works of Aristotle
   26. List the rules of secular warfare in Greece
   27. List five characteristics of the Hellenistic World
   28. Name five mystery religions and five characteristics of the mystery religions
   29. Name five types of magistrates in Rome and what each did
   30. Name three reasons Rome won the First Punic War 
   31. Name the members of the First & Second Triumvirates
   32. Name the four stages of the disintegration of the Republic
   33. Name the five good emperors
   34. Name four titles Augustus held
   35. Three dynasties of the emperors of Rome & two emperors in Each.
   36. Name four offices created by Diocletian
   37. Name five aspects of Constantine's transformation of Rome

   IV. Quotes

   1. "Master do not forget the Athenians."
   2. "This memorial hides Aeschylus, the Athenian, son of Euphorion Who died in wheat-bearing Gela. The precinct of Marathon and the long-haired Mede, Who knows it well, may tell of his great valor.”
   3. “Go, stranger, and tell the Lacedemonians that we lie here in obedience to their orders.”
   4. “A woman is, as it were, an infertile male. She is female in fact on account of a kind of inadequacy.”
   5. "Man is a political animal." -- Be prepared to give the actual translation.
   6. “I declare that our city is an education to Greece,”
   7. "Among the Greeks, individuals determined to stand out from all others were characteristic, and the concept of personal power became paramount"
   8. "so that neither the deeds of men may be forgotten by the lapse of time, nor the works great and marvellous, which have been produced by Hellenes and some by Barbarians, may lose their renown, and especially that the causes may be remembered for which these waged war with one another."
   9. "Cartago delenda est"
   10. “I place the earth under my sway; you, O Zeus, keep Olympus.”
   11. “Give me a lever and a place to stand on, and I will move the earth.”
   12. “Veni, Vidi, Vici” (I came, I saw, I conquered.)
   13. “Laws are silent in the midst of arms (war).” (Silent enim leges inter arma.)
   14. “Captive Greece took captive her rude conqueror.”
   15. "Some said there was no reason for killing a mere boy like him, he declared that they had no sense if they did not see in this boy many Mariuses"
   16. “Varus, give me back my legions.”
   17. “What an artist the world is losing in me.”
   18. “the study of history is the best medicine for a sick mind”
   19. "There is nothing to write about, you say. Well then, write and let me know just this - that there is nothing to write about; or tell me in the good old style if you are well. That's right. I am quite well."
   20. "And on the Lord's own day gather yourselves together and break bread and give thanks, first confessing your transgressions, that your sacrifice may be pure."
   21. "There are two paths, one of life and one of death, and the difference is great between the two paths."
   22.  "In this sign you shall conquer"
   23. This God I confess that I hold in unceasing honor and remembrance; this God I delight to contemplate with pure and guileless thoughts in the height of his glory. THIS God I invoke with bended knees, and recoil with horror from the blood of sacrifices from their foul and detestable odors, and from every earth-born magic fire
   24. Afterwards there broke out a dreadful plague, and excessive destruction of a hateful disease invaded every house in succession of the trembling populace, carrying off day by day with abrupt attack numberless people, every one from his own house

   V. Essay
   The third section will be to write a complete essay on two of the following questions.  You will have a choice of five questions. You choose two, one will likely be cumulative. 

   Roman Questions

   1. Explain the structure and development of the Roman Republic. Discuss its primary features, how it worked, how & why it changed, and its eventual problems.
   2. Discuss the Roman conquest of the Italian peninsula.  What enemies did they face?   What stages did they progress through? 
   3. Explain the causes, progress and results of Roman conquests overseas.  What were the major wars they fought? What stages did it progress through? How did these conquests affect Roman government?
   4. Discuss the importance and function of the family in Roman society.  Who was in charge? How did this affect various parts of society?
   5. Explain the process of the transformation of Rome from a republic to an empire.  What were the two main parts of this transformation?   How did the government change and why?
   6. Discuss the characteristics of the Roman military.  How did it change over time and how did it interact with Roman society as a whole.
   7. Compare and contrast the government of Rome as a Republic and as an Empire.  What similiarities existed in governmental forms, problems, and solutions?  How were some problems of the Republic solved by creating an empire?  Include what options for solutions were avoided. 
   8. Discuss the transformation of Rome into a Christian empire.  How was this accomplished and why?  What changes occurred? What changes didn't?

   Cumulative Questions

   1. Compare and contrast the Roman and Athenian society and government.  Where was political power invested and why?  What virtues did each society consider most important? How was the family structured in these two societies?

   2. Robin Lane Fox has three themes he argues are critical to understanding the Classical World. Identify these three themes and then explain how they apply to Greece, the Hellenistic World, and Rome.  Use specific examples from the text, class and the readings.

   3. Compare and contrast the roles of women in the Greek polei, Macedonia and Rome. What commonalities were there?  What were the differences?  What did Christianity change about this? 

   4. Discuss how the study of the Classical world gives a greater understanding to the New Testament and Christianity.  Give at least five separate ways with specific illustrations.